William Whipper

William Whipper believed in passive resistance and nonviolence, published "Address on Non-Resistance to offensive Aggression" in 1821. He was a mixed-raced successful entrepreneur and he operated a dry cleaning business as well as a grocery store while being a firm believer in temperance, education and economy for all people including blacks. William worked with Frederick Douglass to get President Andrew Johnson to extend civil rights to African-Americans, although they were unsuccessful. He wrote for other abolitionists and spent many thousands of dollars to help runaway enslaved blacks.